- Photo of Citizenship Certificate
- Photo of old Citizenship Card
- What is Canadian Citizenship?
Canadian Citizenship is a nationality and a right acquired by being born in Canada, by being born to Canadian parents overseas, or being naturalized (taking the oath of citizenship). A Canadian citizen can vote in Canadian elections, run for office in Canada, work and study and Canada, serve in the Canadian military, and receive government benefits, among other rights and privileges. Canadian Citizens are allowed to travel on Canadian Passports. As a Canadian citizen, you will be eligible for jury duty and you are required by law to participate.
- History of Canadian Citizenship
Originally, Canadian citizenship was similar to British citizenship since all Canadians were subjects of the British Crown. At the time of Confederation, the Canadian Parliament was given control over citizenship and immigration. In 1910, the first mention of “Canadian Citizen” appeared in Canadian law. Canadian Citizens were persons born in Canada, naturalized in Canada, or even British who moved to Canada and satisfied a residence requirement. In 1914, it became slightly harder to naturalize in Canada because the residency requirement changed from three to five years. In 1921, the notion of Canadian Nationality (and hence citizenship) was finally put into law as separate from British nationality.
In 1931 Canada finally gained full legislative independence from Britain but retained various rules about citizenship inherited from Britain. This continued until the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946. If you were a British subject living in Canada at this time, you most likely became a Canadian citizen. This also applies to British Subjects living in Newfoundland when Newfoundland joined Canada three years later in 1949.
The biggest change in Canadian citizenship regulations occurred in 1977. The new rules legalized dual citizenship in Canada and also made it official that anyone born in Canada after 1947 was automatically a Canadian citizen (unless they were the child of a foreign diplomat). This is proved through the issuance of a birth certificate. The other thing the new rules did was make Canadians out of children born to Canadian citizens overseas, for the firs time. Additionally, if you were the son or daughter of the son or daughter of a Canadian born overseas (i.e. second generation) you could still claim Canadian citizenship if you applied to do so before your 28th birthday.
In 2009 this last rule changed. Citizenship by descent (outside of Canada) now only applies to the first generation born abroad to Canadian citizens, but there is now no need to apply or register your status before applying for your Canadian citizenship certificate. For second generation children born after April, 2009, who are not currently Canadian citizens (even if they have siblings born before April 17, who are Canadian citizens), these children can become Canadian Citizens if they first become Permanent Residents. They do not need to wait the usual three years to apply for citizenship.
These new changes also affected adoption. Foreigners adopted by Canadian Citizens in Canada now become Canadian Citizens at the time of the adoption.
- History of the Citizenship Certificate
The document used to prove Canadian citizenship has gone through many changes since its inception. Before 1977, those who were born in Canada could prove their citizenship through a birth certificate only if they also didn’t lose their citizenship under the pre-1977 rules. Those born overseas before 1977 to a Canadian parent need a certificate of registration of birth and a Certificate of Retention of Canadian Citizenship. Those naturalized before 1977 received a Certificate of Naturalization as proof.
From 1977 onwards, Canada issued a photo ID Citizenship Card [photo]. It contained the citizen’s picture, name, height and eye colour. This document was issued until February 2012
The photo ID card has since been replaced by a Citizenship Certificate, an 8” x 11” double-sided piece of paper that contains more security features than the old card, such as a unique barcode. The old Canadian citizenship certificate, citizenship card, and the new Certificate are valid proof of Canadian citizenship as long as the document is legible and in good condition.
A Canadian passport, though seen as proof of Canadian citizenship outside of Canada, is not acceptable proof of citizenship when dealing with Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
A commemoration of citizenship is different than your Citizenship Certificate and is not proof of citizenship by itself. This document is a letter signed by your member of parliament at the time you became a Canadian citizen, which congratulates you.
- What is naturalization?
When a person is naturalized, this means that they have become a citizen of a country other than the country of their birth through an application process. A person who is naturalized does not acquire citizenship through birth or through descent from a parent.
- How do I become naturalized in Canada?
Please see
Right of Citizenship. You can become a citizen of Canada through naturalization if you are over 18 and
- you are a permanent residentF
- you have lived in Canada for a total of 1095 days during the four years preceding your application for citizenship, including two years as a permanent resident
- you have sufficient knowledge of Canada (as demonstrated by taking a test, which is required as part of the application process, but only if the applicant is between 18 and 54 years of age)
- you have sufficient command of the French or English language
- you are not a subject to any criminal prohibitions
- you are not a war criminal
If the applicant is a child, there are fewer requirements:
- the applicant must be a permanent resident
- at least one of the applicant’s parents must be a Canadian citizen or in the process of applying for Canadian citizenship at the time the application is filed
If the applicant is 14 years of age or over, they must attend a citizenship ceremony as the final stage of their application.
- How could I lose my citizenship?
In 1977, the new rules made it impossible to give up your citizenship without officially renouncing it. However, new laws mean you could lose your citizenship if you are convicted of fraud regarding your immigration application or your citizenship application. Applicants may be restricted from renouncing Canadian citizenship if they do not hold citizenship in another country to prevent the applicant from becoming stateless.
You could have lost your citizenship before 1977 if you
- were naturalized in another (dual citizenship wasn’t legal in Canada)
- lived outside of Canada for a prolonged period of time
- if your parent lost their citizenship while you were a child
In 2007 efforts were made to help those who had lost their citizenship prior to 1977. By the new citizenship rules of 2009, it was possible to regain your Canadian citizenship lost before 1977 if you could claim it by descent.
- What does it mean if someone is stateless?
A person is stateless if they do not hold citizenship in any country.
- What constitutes proof of Canadian citizenship?
Proof of Citizenship in Canada can be in the form of a birth certificate showing you were born in Canada or a Citizenship Certificate showing that you are a Canadian Citizen. A passport is not always viewed as proof of Canadian Citizenship within Canada.
- Who is eligible to apply for a Citizenship Certificate?
Any person who is a Canadian citizen through birth, naturalization, or descent from a parent is eligible to apply for a Canadian citizenship certificate.
- What is the cost for a Citizenship Certificate?
The application fee for a Citizenship Certificate is $75 CDN. The service fee cost of a Citizenship Certificate using Immigroup depends on the service level selected. Please see the
fee grid above.
- What is a Record of Landing (IMM 1000)?
This paper document is literally the record of your landing in Canada as an immigrant. Any person who ever became a permanent resident of Canada has been given this document when they first arrived in Canada as an immigrant.
- Can I laminate my certificate?
Laminating your certificate or altering it in any other way is considered damaging it. If you have laminated it, the certificate is considered invalid and it will not be accepted by Passport Canada or other federal agencies.
- Can I fold my certificate?
No, you cannot alter your certificate in any way. If you do so, it may be refused as proof of citizenship by Passport Canada and other federal agencies.
- Why is a photocopy of a citizenship certificate not acceptable proof of citizenship?
Your Citizenship Card or Certificate is official proof that you are a citizen of Canada. They both have embedded security features that make them difficult to forge. A photocopy is just a piece of paper and lacks the security features of your Card or Certificate.
- If I am a naturalized Canadian Citizen but moved to my country of birth, are my children Canadian?
If your kids were born after you were naturalized then they are Canadian Citizens. However, your grand children will not be Canadian Citizens unless they are born in Canada.